Let's say you want to convert 13th of Farvardin, 1401 in the Solar Hijri calendar to the Gregorian calendar.
Year Conversion:
Putting it together: Farvardin 13, 1401 corresponds to April 1, 2021.
| Feature | Tarikh Shamsi (Solar Hijri) | Tarikh Miladi (Gregorian) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Basis | Solar (Earth around Sun) | Solar (with leap year rules) | | Year 1 | Hegira (622 CE) | Birth of Jesus (1 CE) | | Start Month | Farvardin (March 20/21) | January 1 | | Used In | Iran, Afghanistan | Most countries worldwide | | Conversion Formula | Miladi = Shamsi + 621/622 | Shamsi = Miladi - 621/622 |
Final Tip: For precise conversion—especially for legal deadlines, birthdays, or historical dates—always use a verified online calendar converter or a dedicated app, as leap year variations can cause a one-day shift. However, for day-to-day reference, adding 621 to the Shamsi year (after spring) is a reliable and easy method.
Tarikh Shamsi vs Miladi: Understanding the Differences and Conversions
The solar calendar, also known as the Tarikh Shamsi or Persian calendar, and the Gregorian calendar, commonly referred to as the Miladi calendar, are two widely used calendar systems across the world. While the Miladi calendar is the most widely used internationally, the Tarikh Shamsi has significant cultural and historical importance in countries like Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. This article aims to explore the origins, differences, and conversion methods between these two calendar systems.
Origins of Tarikh Shamsi (Persian Calendar)
The Tarikh Shamsi, or Persian calendar, has its roots in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran). It is a solar calendar that was introduced in 1079 CE by the Seljuk Sultan Jalaluddin Malikshah I. This calendar is based on the solar year, with the beginning of the new year (Nowruz) marking the spring equinox. The Tarikh Shamsi consists of 12 months, with the months being: Farvardin, Ordibehesht, Khordad, Tir, Mordad, Shahrivar, Mehr, Aban, Azar, Dey, Bahman, and Esfand.
Origins of Miladi (Gregorian Calendar)
The Miladi calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar, was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 CE. It is a solar calendar that is based on a 365-day year, with an extra day added every four years (leap year). The Miladi calendar is the most widely used calendar internationally and is used as the global standard for business, travel, and communication. tarikh shamsi b miladi
Key Differences between Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi Calendars
The main differences between the Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi calendars are:
Converting between Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi Calendars
Converting between the two calendars can be done using the following methods:
Miladi Year = Tarikh Shamsi Year + 621 Miladi Month = Tarikh Shamsi Month - 3 (or add 9 if the Tarikh Shamsi month is less than 7)
For example, to convert the Tarikh Shamsi date 1399-01-01 (March 20, 2020) to a Miladi date:
Miladi Year = 1399 + 621 = 2020 Miladi Month = 1 - 3 = March (or add 9: 1 + 9 = 10, which corresponds to October, but this is incorrect)
The correct conversion is: 1399-01-01 (Tarikh Shamsi) = March 20, 2020 (Miladi)
Conclusion
The Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi calendars have distinct differences in their origins, structures, and conversion methods. While the Miladi calendar is widely used internationally, the Tarikh Shamsi calendar holds significant cultural and historical importance in certain regions. Understanding the differences and conversion methods between these two calendars can facilitate communication, trade, and cultural exchange between communities that use different calendar systems. Let's say you want to convert 13th of
Table of Month Names
| Tarikh Shamsi Month | Miladi Equivalent | Days | | --- | --- | --- | | Farvardin | March-April | 31 | | Ordibehesht | April-May | 31 | | Khordad | May-June | 31 | | Tir | June-July | 31 | | Mordad | July-August | 31 | | Shahrivar | August-September | 31 | | Mehr | September-October | 30 | | Aban | October-November | 30 | | Azar | November-December | 30 | | Dey | December-January | 30 | | Bahman | January-February | 30 | | Esfand | February-March | 29/30 |
This table provides a quick reference to the Tarikh Shamsi months and their corresponding Miladi equivalents.
Converting Tarikh Shamsi (Solar Hijri) to (Gregorian) involves bridging two systems with different starting points, month lengths, and leap year rules. The Solar Hijri calendar is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. Core Comparison Features Year Structure Tarikh Shamsi
: Consists of 12 months. The first 6 months have 31 days, the next 5 have 30 days, and the last month ( ) has 29 days (30 in leap years).
: Consists of 12 months with varying lengths (28 to 31 days). The Epoch (Start Date) Tarikh Shamsi : Its year 1 begins with the Hijrah (622 CE), but it is a system, unlike the lunar Islamic calendar. : Based on the estimated birth of Jesus Christ. New Year (Nowruz) The Shamsi year begins at the precise moment of the vernal equinox
(usually March 21), making it one of the most accurate astronomical calendars in the world. Leap Year Accuracy
The Shamsi calendar uses a complex 33-year cycle to determine leap years, making it more astronomically precise than the Gregorian calendar's 400-year rule. Conversion Mechanics Tarikh Shamsi (Solar Hijri) Miladi (Gregorian) 1404–1405 SH Solar (Tropical Year) Solar (Gregorian Year) First Month Farvardin (Spring) January (Winter) Observation-based (very high) Rule-based Practical Tools for Conversion
How could I convert Shamsi date to Gregorian in Excel or Sheet? 9 Mar 2023 —
The Solar Hijri (Shamsi) calendar is a solar system used in Iran and Afghanistan that differs from the Gregorian (Miladi) calendar by approximately 621 to 622 years. Manual conversion requires adjusting for the 621-year gap, while online tools like Time.ir or Google search provide precise, exact-date conversions. Year Conversion :
| Miladi Year | Shamsi Year (after March 20) | | :--- | :--- | | 2024 | 1403 | | 2025 | 1404 | | 2026 | 1405 |
For tech-savvy readers, here is a Python function using the jdatetime library (precise conversion):
import jdatetime
from datetime import datetime
def shamsi_to_miladi(year, month, day):
"""Convert Solar Hijri to Gregorian"""
shamsi_date = jdatetime.date(year, month, day)
gregorian_date = shamsi_date.togregorian()
return gregorian_date
Converting Tarikh Shamsi b Miladi is a foundational skill for anyone interacting with Persian culture, Iranian bureaucracy, or Afghan history. While the two calendars are offset by approximately 621 or 622 years, the exact conversion requires attention to the vernal equinox, month lengths, and leap year cycles.
By using the formulas, tables, and tools provided in this guide, you can confidently convert any date – whether for a simple birthday check or an international legal document. Always double-check critical conversions using a trusted online converter, and remember: when in doubt, count days from Nowruz.
Quick Summary:
Now you are ready to master Tarikh Shamsi b Miladi like a pro.
Here’s an interesting and practical guide to understanding Tarikh Shamsi (Solar Hijri) vs. Miladi (Gregorian) — two of the most widely used calendar systems in the Middle East and the world.
Miladi = Gregorian calendar, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, now the global standard.
Let’s practice Tarikh Shamsi b Miladi with real dates:
| Shamsi Date | Gregorian Date |
|------------------------|-------------------------|
| 1 Farvardin 1400 | March 21, 2021 |
| 1 Dey 1400 | December 22, 2021 |
| 1 Farvardin 1401 | March 21, 2022 |
| 1 Farvardin 1402 | March 21, 2023 |
| 30 Esfand 1402 (leap) | March 19, 2024 |
| 1 Farvardin 1403 | March 20, 2024 (equinox was March 20 at 06:36 AM Tehran time) |
| 1 Farvardin 1404 | March 20, 2025 |
| 1 Farvardin 1405 | March 20, 2026 |
Notice how the Gregorian date shifts between March 20 and March 21 depending on the equinox time.